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Non-English-based
programming languages
Non-English-based programming languages are computer programming
languages that, unlike most well-known programming languages, do
not use keywords taken from, or inspired by, the English
vocabulary.
Prevalence of English-based programming languages
There has been an overwhelming trend in programming languages to
use the English language to inspire the choice of keywords and
code libraries. According to the HPOL online database of
languages, out of the 8500+ programming languages recorded,
roughly 2400 of them were developed in the United States , 600
in the United Kingdom, 160 in Canada, 75 in Australia.
Another way to say it is that almost half of all programming
languages were developed in an English-speaking country. This
does not take into account how widely used each language is, nor
situations where a language was developed in a
non-English-speaking country but used English to appeal to an
international audience (see the case of Python from the
Netherlands) or because it was based on another language which
used English (see the case of Caml, developed in France but
using English keywords).
Based on non-English natural languages
Aheui – An esoteric programming language similar to Befunge but
using Hangul (Korean)
AMMORIA (ARAB) - Open source object oriented Arabic programming
language, designed especially for Arabs.
ARLOGO – The first open-source Arabic programming language,
based on the UCB Logo interpreter
Chinese BASIC – Chinese-localized BASIC dialects based on
Applesoft BASIC; for Taiwanese Apple II clones and the Multitech
Microprofessor II
Fjölnir – An Icelandic imperative programming language of the
1980s
FOCAL – Keywords were originally English, but DEC produced
versions of FOCAL in several European languages
4th Dimension – On local versions, its internal language uses
French or German keywords
Jeem – Arabic programming language, based on C++ with simple
graphics implementation
Glagol – A Russian-based programming language similar to Oberon
and Pascal
GOTO++ – A french esoteric programming language loosely based on
French and English [2]
Hindawi Programming System – Indian language set of equivalents
for C, C++, lex, yacc, assembly, BASIC, logo, Ada and others for
languages such as Hindi, Gujarati, Assamese, and Bangla (with
the BangaBhasha version)
Hindi Programming Language – A Hindi language programming
language for the .NET Framework
hForth – A Forth system with an optional Korean keyword set
HPL – Hebrew Programming Language
Lexico – A Spanish OO language for teaching .NET programming
LSE – Langage Symbolique d'Enseignement, a French, pedagogical,
programming language designed in the 1970s at the École
Supérieure d'Électricité. A kind of BASIC, but with procedures,
functions, local variables, like in Pascal.
MS Word and MS Excel – Their macro languages used to be
localized in non-English languages
Rapira – A Russian-based interpreted procedural programming
language with strong dynamic type system
Robik – A simple Russian-based programming language for teaching
basics of programming to children
SAKO – A language created in the 1950s and nicknamed the "Polish
FORTRAN"
Superlogo – A Dutch creation for computer-aided instruction,
based on Logo
TI-Calculator BASIC – The 68000 version is localized.
Unfortunately, various configuration strings are localized too,
preventing direct binary compatibility.
Not based on any natural language
APL – A language based on mathematical notation and abstractions
Brainfuck – A minimalist esoteric programming language, created
for the purpose of having a compiler fit in fewer than 256 bytes
FALSE – Another minimalist esoteric programming language with
syntax consisting mainly of single non-alphanumeric characters
Piet – An art-based programming language
Plankalkül – An early language developed by German computer
pioneer Konrad Zuse; using a symbolic tabular notation
var'aq – A language based on the constructed Klingon language of
Star Trek
Whitespace - A language based on whitespace characters.
Modifiable parser syntax
ChinesePython – A complete translation of the Python scripting
language into Chinese
HyperTalk – The programming language used in Apple's HyperCard;
allows translation via custom resources
Macintosh AppleScript – once allowed for different "dialects"
including French and Japanese; however, these were removed in
later versions
Perl – While Perl's keywords and function names are generally in
English, it allows modification of its parser to modify the
input language, such as in Damian Conway's
Lingua::Romana::Perligata module which allows programs to be
written in Latin.
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